Reverse Sneezing in Dogs: What To Know

Reverse sneezing, also known as paroxysmal respiration, is a common occurrence in dogs that can be alarming for pet owners. While it often sounds distressing, it’s usually a harmless and temporary condition. 

This article will delve into the details of reverse sneezing, covering its causes, symptoms, susceptible breeds, treatment options, and when it warrants a visit to the veterinarian.

What Is Paroxysmal Respiration?

Witnessing your dog suddenly gasp, snort, and make strange honking or snorting noises can be concerning. This unusual respiratory event is likely reverse sneezing or paroxysmal respiration. “Paroxysmal” refers to a sudden, brief attack or recurrence of symptoms. In this context, it describes the sudden onset of the characteristic inhalations associated with reverse sneezing.

Unlike a regular sneeze, where air is forcefully expelled through the nose, in a reverse sneeze, air is rapidly inhaled through the nose, creating a distinctive sound. Understanding this phenomenon can help alleviate anxiety and ensure your dog receives appropriate care.

What Does Dog Reverse Sneezing Sound Like?

Reverse sneezing is characterized by rapid, forceful inhalations through the nose. This often produces a snorting, honking, or gagging sound. The dog’s neck may be extended, and their chest may heave. It can sound like they are trying to inhale a sneeze or struggling to breathe. The episodes are typically short-lived, lasting from a few seconds to a minute or two.

Reverse Sneezing vs. Regular Sneezing

The key difference between reverse sneezing and regular sneezing lies in the direction of airflow. In a regular sneeze, air is expelled forcefully outward through the nose and mouth to clear irritants. In a reverse sneeze, air is rapidly drawn inward through the nose. This inward airflow causes the characteristic snorting or honking sound.

Reverse Sneezing vs. Kennel Cough

While both reverse sneezing and kennel cough can cause respiratory distress, they are distinct conditions. Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection that causes a harsh, dry, hacking cough, often described as a “goose honk.”

Reverse sneezing, on the other hand, is not contagious and is characterized by the rapid inhalations described earlier. While a dog with kennel cough might also experience some sneezing or snorting, the prominent symptom is the persistent cough.

What Breeds Are Most Susceptible to Honking?

While any dog can experience reverse sneezing, certain breeds are more predisposed:

• Brachycephalic Breeds: These are dogs with short noses and flat faces, such as Pugs, Bulldogs, Boxers, and Shih Tzus. Their compressed nasal passages and elongated soft palates make them more prone to respiratory issues, including reverse sneezing.
  
• Small Dogs: Smaller breeds, such as Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, and Yorkies, are also more susceptible. This may be due to their smaller airways, which are more easily irritated.

What Are the Underlying Causes of Reverse Sneezing?

Several factors can trigger reverse sneezing in dogs:

• Allergens: Just like humans, dogs can be allergic to various substances, including pollen, dust mites, mold, and certain foods. These allergens can irritate the nasal passages and trigger reverse sneezing.
  
• Nasal Mites: These tiny parasites can infest the nasal passages and cause irritation, leading to reverse sneezing.
  
• Other Foreign Bodies: Grass seeds, foxtails, or other small objects can become lodged in the nasal passages, causing irritation and triggering reverse sneezing.
  
• Overexcitement: Sometimes, excitement or pulling on a leash can irritate the throat and trigger an episode.
  
• Elongated Soft Palate: This condition, common in brachycephalic breeds, occurs when the soft palate (the fleshy tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth) is too long. It can partially obstruct the airway and contribute to reverse sneezing.
  
• Tracheal Collapse: This condition, more common in small and toy breeds, involves the weakening of the tracheal rings, causing the trachea (windpipe) to flatten. This can lead to breathing difficulties and reverse sneezing.

How To Treat Episodes of Reverse Sneezing

In most cases, reverse sneezing episodes resolve on their own within a short period. However, there are a few things you can do to help your dog:

• Gently massage their throat: This can sometimes help to dislodge any irritants and stop the episode.
  
• Lightly cover their nostrils: Briefly obstructing their nostrils can encourage them to swallow, which may help to clear the irritation.
  
• Calm them down: If the episode is triggered by excitement, try to calm your dog down and reduce their stimulation.
  

Medical Intervention

While most cases of reverse sneezing are harmless, persistent or frequent episodes may require veterinary attention. Your veterinarian may recommend the following:

• Decongestants: In some cases, decongestants may be prescribed to help clear nasal congestion.
  
• Antihistamines: If allergies are suspected, antihistamines can help reduce inflammation and irritation.
  
• X-Rays or Rhinoscopies: These diagnostic procedures may be necessary to locate foreign objects or determine if there are underlying conditions like tracheal collapse or an elongated soft palate. Rhinoscopy involves inserting a small camera into the nasal passages to visualize them directly.

Give Them Some TLC

Most of the time, reverse sneezing is nothing to worry about. Just offer your dog comfort and reassurance during an episode. A gentle touch and soothing voice can help them through it.

The Bottom Line

Reverse sneezing in dogs can be a startling experience for owners, but it’s usually a benign condition. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments can help you provide appropriate care for your canine companion. 

If your dog experiences frequent or prolonged episodes, or if the reverse sneezing is accompanied by other symptoms like coughing, lethargy, or nasal discharge, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian to rule out any underlying health issues. By being informed and observant, you can ensure your dog’s respiratory health and overall well-being.

Sources:

Reverse Sneezing | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

Is Your Dog Sneezing? | LAC Vets

Kennel Cough in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment | AKC 

Health and Welfare Issues Associated with Brachycephalic Dog Breeds | HSVMA