Dog Cavity: Can Dogs Get Cavities, Too?

As a veterinarian, I often encounter pet owners who are concerned about their dog’s dental health. A common question I receive is, “Can dogs get cavities?” While cavities, also known as tooth decay or dental caries, are not as common in dogs as in humans, they can still occur. 

Understanding the causes, prevention methods, and treatments for canine cavities is essential for every dog owner to ensure their furry friend’s oral health remains in top shape. Let’s dive into what cavities are, what dog breeds are most at risk, and how to act if you suspect your dog has a cavity.

What Is a Tooth Cavity?

A tooth cavity is a small hole or damage in the tooth’s structure caused by the breakdown of tooth enamel due to acids and bacteria. The decay begins with plaque—a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. 

If not removed through regular brushing or professional cleanings, plaque can harden into tartar, eventually leading to cavities. Although dogs’ diets and mouth structures differ from ours, making them less prone to cavities, they are still susceptible, especially if their oral hygiene is neglected.

What Dog Breeds Are Prone to Dental Cavities?

Some dog breeds are more likely to develop cavities due to their anatomy and genetic predisposition. Small breeds, in particular, tend to have more crowded teeth, making it easier for plaque and tartar to accumulate. 

The following breeds are most prone to dental cavities:

• Chihuahuas: With their small mouths and crowded teeth, Chihuahuas are at a higher risk for dental issues, including cavities.
  
• Dachshunds: These little dogs often have tight spaces between their teeth, which can trap food particles and bacteria, increasing their risk of tooth decay.
  
• Poodles: Both standard and miniature poodles are known for their dental problems due to the shape and alignment of their teeth.
  
• Shih Tzus: These dogs have a unique jaw structure that makes them susceptible to plaque build-up and tooth decay if not properly managed.
  
• Bulldogs: Their flat faces and crowded teeth can lead to dental issues, including cavities.
  
• Pugs: Like bulldogs, pugs have a brachycephalic (flat-faced) structure, leading to poor alignment of teeth and higher chances of decay.

Understanding your dog’s breed predispositions can help you be more vigilant about their dental care. Regardless of breed, though, all dogs need attention to their oral hygiene.

What Causes Cavities in Dogs?

Several factors influence the development of cavities in dogs:

Sugars and Acids

While dogs don’t consume sugary foods like humans, they are still exposed to starches and carbohydrates that can break down into sugars. When these sugars mix with the bacteria in their mouths, acids are formed, leading to the demineralization of the tooth enamel.

Lack of Dental Care

Regular brushing and professional cleanings are essential to remove plaque before it hardens into tartar. Dogs who do not receive consistent dental care are at a higher risk for cavities and other dental diseases.

Certain Dental Diseases

Conditions like gingivitis or periodontitis (gum disease) can also increase the risk of cavities in dogs. Inflammation of the gums or other underlying issues can contribute to the breakdown of tooth enamel, leading to decay.

How To Tell if Your Dog’s Teeth Have Cavities

• Bad Breath: If your dog’s breath is consistently foul, it could be due to an underlying dental issue, such as a cavity. The bacteria that cause decay also produce unpleasant odors.
  
• Drooling: Excessive drooling or saliva buildup can indicate discomfort in your dog’s mouth, potentially from a cavity.
  
• Signs of Pain: If your dog seems hesitant to eat, flinches when you touch their mouth, or paws at their face, these are signs that they may be experiencing dental pain.
  
• Difficulty Eating Dog Food or Playing With Chew Toys: A dog with a cavity may struggle to chew hard food or toys. If you notice your dog eating less or avoiding activities they once enjoyed, a dental checkup may be necessary.

What Are Common Treatments of Cavities?

While vets can mitigate dental health issues with less severe options, a canine root canal may be necessary for more advanced cavities. This procedure involves removing the tooth’s damaged pulp, cleaning out the infection, and filling it with a material to prevent further issues. 

In some cases, root canals can save the tooth and prevent the need for extraction, which can be particularly important for maintaining the dog’s oral function and comfort.

How To Prevent Dog Cavities in the Future

• At-Home Cleanings: Brushing your dog’s teeth at home with a dog-safe toothpaste is one of the most effective ways to reduce plaque buildup and prevent cavities. Aim to brush your dog’s teeth several times a week, if not daily.
  
• Regular Dental Checkups: Just like humans, dogs need regular dental checkups to identify potential issues before they become severe. During these checkups, veterinarians can perform professional cleanings and check for signs of cavities, gum disease, or other oral health concerns.
  
• Dental Chews: Many dog owners find dental chews convenient to support their dog’s oral health. These chews reduce plaque and tartar buildup while giving your dog something enjoyable to chew on.
  
• Yummy Combs: Yummy Combs® are a new innovation in dog dental care. They combine dental benefits with flavor to encourage chewing. They help clean the teeth and massage the gums while providing a tasty treat, making them a fun and effective part of your dog’s dental routine.

A Final Word on Canine Cavities

While cavities in dogs are less common than in humans, they are still a concern that every dog owner should be aware of. Understanding the signs, causes, and preventive measures can help you keep your dog’s mouth healthy and pain-free. Remember that a proactive approach, including at-home brushing, regular checkups, and dental products like chews and Yummy Combs, can make a significant difference in your dog’s overall dental health.

If you suspect your dog may have a cavity or any other dental issue, consult your veterinarian promptly. With the proper care, you can ensure your dog maintains a happy and healthy smile for years.

Sources:

Cavities in Dogs | PetMD

Dog Dental Care : How To Keep The Cost Of Dog Oral Care Down | AKC 

Brushing Your Dog’s Teeth | VCA Animal Hospitals

Does My Dog Need a Root Canal? | VCA Animal Hospitals